The regions of Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro were encompassed by the modern states of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. While the regions were attached to the Eurasian landmasses, they were almost completely cut off from some of the most forbidding physical barriers on earth. The natural borders consisted of mountains and the Arabian Sea, sheltering the civilizations from being under attack and diseases. Water from the river fertilized and irrigated the crops. Due to the river, river boats were a transportation option.
Both the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilization were mainly urban and mercantile. The Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture were used to take an advantage along the Indus Valley's fertile land. Earth-links were built to control the river's annual flooding, crops were grown (wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame), and the Harappan civilization was the first civilization to cultivate cotton for the production of of cloth. Several animals were domesticated including the elephant which was useful for it's ivory.
The structures of the civilization was divided into two roughly areas: a citadel to the west and a lower city to the east. The citadel was 400 yards long and 200 yards wide, which was built on mud and a brick platform that raised up to 50 feet above the lower city. A wall surround the the citadel and contained notches from where people can look out from and defend the area. The lower city were mainly composed houses and work-shops.
Both the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilization were mainly urban and mercantile. The Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture were used to take an advantage along the Indus Valley's fertile land. Earth-links were built to control the river's annual flooding, crops were grown (wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame), and the Harappan civilization was the first civilization to cultivate cotton for the production of of cloth. Several animals were domesticated including the elephant which was useful for it's ivory.
The structures of the civilization was divided into two roughly areas: a citadel to the west and a lower city to the east. The citadel was 400 yards long and 200 yards wide, which was built on mud and a brick platform that raised up to 50 feet above the lower city. A wall surround the the citadel and contained notches from where people can look out from and defend the area. The lower city were mainly composed houses and work-shops.